Within IoT applications, it is common to send sensor data to a central location in the cloud. There, the data can be processed, for example, by machine learning models. “This takes a lot of electricity, computing power and bandwidth. Moreover, for many applications it is not necessary at all,” explains Kaptein. “It's more efficient to pre-process the raw data on location, because that's what AI actually does. Then you only send usable information and you minimize data traffic.”